Format: development-and-life-transitiorvissue$
Length:
Curriculum Mode:
Assessment details
Please submit to the Turnitin link under Assessment 2 on the Human Relationships and Life Transitions vUWS site. There is a word limit of 1,200 words (+1/- 10%, namely between 1,080 - 1,320 words) for this essay. Use your computer to total the number of words used in your assignment but do not include the reference list at the end of your assignment in the word count. In-text citations will be included in the additional 10%-word count. If you exceed the word limit by more than 10% the marker will stop marking at 1,320 words.
Aim of assessment:
One important way that infants and young children learn about their world is through their psychosocial development. This assessment item aims to provide you with an opportunity to explore the psychosocial development of children in more detail. Throughout the unit, you will examine psychological, social (psychosocial), cognitive and moral components of human development and understand the relationship of these to the shaping of an individual's self-concept. Commencing in infancy with attachment to parents and caregivers, psychosocial development, according to Erikson, continues throughout the lifespan and involves interactions with caregivers, peers, educators, and the wider social context. This development may be influenced by a variety of normative (expected) and non-normative (deviations from usual) events or circumstances which influence infant and early childhood development (Hoffnung et al., 2019)
Scenario Case Study 1: Bachelor of Midwifery students only Read the following Case Study scenario:
Charlotte is 6 weeks old and has been exclusively breastfed since birth. Her mother Meg is 33 years old and is a first time mother. She is currently on 9-months maternity leave. Meg has noticed that Charlotte has some unsettled periods throughout the day and night where she cries periodically, however she enjoys tummy time and is content when being cuddled by herself and her partner Joe. Joe is also on leave from work, but is resuming work in a week's time. Meg is feeding Charlotte every four hours and reports that she is very tired, but that she has taken her midwife's advice, and is resting when the baby is sleeping. The midwife reports that Charlotte is gaining weight, and Meg and Joe are adjusting well to parenthood, playing gently with their infant and interacting with her when she is awake. Essay Topic:
Drawing on relevant nursing, midwifery and social science literature, and using two examples from scenario Case Study 1, write an essay on the following topic:
What are some important aspects of psychosocial development and attachment that occur in infants aged between 0 - 6 months, and what may influence this development?
Scenario topic 2: Bachelor of Nursing students only
Read the following Case Study scenario•
Andrew, aged 2 and a half years, is attending day care three days a week for five hours each day while his mother Maria works part-time. Maria states that Andrew is speaking in four to five word sentences and communicating his needs well. Andrew's father, Tom, is a full-time shift worker and he cares for Andrew regularly on his two days off each week. Maria explains that Andrew enjoys music, dancing and singing -silly- songs with his dad, herself and their large extended family. Andrew is Maria's first child, and she is concerned that her son is not yet toilet trained during the day or night, especially since she has noticed that other children in day care seem to have mastered this skill during the day. Maria also has questions in relation to healthy eating and active play for Andrew, and the benefits of child care and play groups. The Child and Family Health Nurse has reassured Maria that Andrew is meeting all his developmental milestones and will soon gain daytime continence by the time he is three years old, or soon after. The Nurse has also educated Maria on healthy eating patterns and active play. The Nurse has referred Maria to a mother's group in her local area to discuss strategies for toilet-training in a relaxed, informal environment with other parents.
Essa Topic: Drawing on relevant nursing and social science literature, and using at least two examples from scenario ase tu y , write an essay on the following topic:
What are some important aspects of psychosocial development that occur in children between the ages of two and five years (2-5 years), and what influences this development?
Thstructionsfor Assessment 2.
n your -response, •refer to ule following components:
CRITERION 1
Introduce.the•developmental stage o the-assessmen©and briefly outline-the main examples which will be explored inyour essay.
Conforming to the elements of a good introduction, use global statements and no referencing will be required in the introduction as instructed by literacy tutors. However, if you do use in-text referencing and it is appropriate, students will not be penalised if references are cited in the introduction.
— After completing your work, construct your essay conclusion by summarising your work and referring back to the points made in your introduction.
— See elements of criterion 1: 5 marks allocated.
CRITERION 2
Midwifery students only
Describe/discuss what psychosocial development involves drawing on a work of a theorist. Explain two (or more) examples of psychosocial development from the case study.
— In your discussion explain what psychosocial development and attachment involves, and its importance to infant development, drawing attention to the age group provided in the case study.
Provide two relevant examples from the case study for discussion.
In your discussion of psychosocial development refer to the work of at least one theorist (or more) in your discussion. Relevant theorists include, but are not limited to:
Erikson (psychosocial development)
Bowlby (attachment)
Ainsworth (attachment)
Bronfenbrenner (sociocultural/ecological development)
— Your discussion will outline the normative transitions for the age group and provide relevant evidence-based literature in regards to discussing the developmental issues in the case study. For example, you may wish to discuss various examples or applications of attachment including parental [caregiver bonding and interaction, transition to parenting and meeting needs of infants, tummy time, nutrition, safety, parental relationships and self-care and/or another aspect of enhancing normative psychosocial development using the case study, or from the literature.
— There is no need to write the case study scenario again in your essay. Reference to a particular aspect in the case study is all that is required. For example, if you wish to discuss tummy time, explain that the parents are encouraging tummy time, then go on to explain how this relates to psychosocial (as well as physical) growth and development
Your discussion needs to be supported by scholarly literature eg; peer reviewed journal articles. See marking standards.
— See criterion 2: 15 marks allocated.
Nursing students only
Describe/discuss what psychosocial development involves, drawing on the theorist- Explain tw (oññoreÿ'êkamples of psychosocial development from the case study
In your discussion explain what psychosocial development is, its importance to development, and how it links to the age group provided in the case study.
Provide two relevant examples from the case study for discussion. In your discussion of psychosocial development refer to the work of at least one theorist (or more) in your discussion. Relevant theorists include, but are not limited to:

— Your discussion will outline the normative transitions for the age group and provide relevant evidence-based literature in regards to addressing the needs of the developmental issues in the case study. For example, you may wish to discuss engaging children with healthy eating patterns, active play, childcare, peer communication or some other normative aspect for this age-group. Alternatively, you may instead wish to discuss the normative transition of toilet training in building autonomy and or peer interaction as building initiative, and include the age-range in toddlers being able to gain full continence. You might wish to explore the role of parenting, peers, childcare, socialisation, safety and/or another aspects of psychosocial development either using the case study, or the literature.
— There is no need to write the case study scenario again in your essay. Reference to a particular issue for the case study is all that is required. For example, if you wish to discuss toilet training, identify that toilet training is an issue raised in the case study, then go on to explain how toilet training relates to psychosocial growth and development as per previous example.
— Your discussion needs to be supported by scholarly literature eg; peer reviewed journal articles. See marking standards.
— See criterion 2: 15 marks allocated.

— Midwifery students may wish to further discuss or elaborate upon any issues identified in the case study, or address any aspect of hypothetical non-normative development, or a non-normative event, that may potentially influence psychosocial development for this age-group. For example, domestic violence may impact on psychosocial development and post-natal depression may potentially impact on psychosocial development, pointing to the need for midwives to intervene to support parents in these situations.
Nursing students may wish to discuss the issues identified by the child and family health nurse in the scenario, or address some aspect of the physical (age-related) development that may potentially influence psychosocial development for this age-group.
— Alternatively, you may wish to discuss non-normative events which may also impact on psychosocial development or the impact of the relationship of parents (parenting styles) which impact on psychosocial development. These may be hypothetical to the case study itself
— You may, or may not, wish to link to the case study in your discussion of criterion 3. You do not have to link this criterion to the case study unless you wish to.
Explain the relevance of understanding this childhood life stage to nursing and midwifery practice. You may wish to discuss this, in terms of providing support to parents in three to four sentences. — See criterion 3: 10 marks allocated.
eview your referencing and make sure your work is fully acknowledged.
— See criterion 4: 10 marks allocated
REFERENCING REQUIREMENTS
You are required to include a minimum of five (5) recent joqnal articles, to support your discussiðh-.J P ease note that you can 'use terv (19) years (2009-2019) as long as you ln£Îúde af published withinfthe last five year
Please journals to provide evidence and examples-tœillustrate your points. The peer-reviewed examp es o current research conducted with groués and individuals from all life stages, and reference to current -research will greatly informayour discussion.
WRITINGSTYLE AND USING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES IN FORMAL WOR
— Please w •te t i essay6in the third person, avoidingthe use of the first! person I or the phrase -This autho will•••- -O 'refer to yourself: Find evidence in the literature to suppðtfthe points ypu want to make, and avoid recounting personal or anecdotal experiences in your submission. Make sure you write the discussion in formal academic language, and avoid subjective or superficial interpretations of the topics under discussion.
å
ESSAY PLANNING
Students are advised to work closely with the marking criteria and standards sheets as a guide to the construction of this essay.
— This submission is to be an essay format only. Please do not use headings in this assessment. See any additional formatting guides or instructions related to the Unit offer.
Resources:
See marking standards for further detail.
An essay examplar, addressing components of the marking standards, is provided on the vUWS site under the assessment 2 tab.
Instructional webinars will be provided in association with the P CAL and library staff to assist students with essay requirements.
A list of supporting references will also be placed on vUWS to assist students to locate relevant material for the task. Refer to your academic literacy skills resource book from 401003 Professional Communication for assistance with academic conventions, writing paragraphs, paraphrasing, understanding paragraph construction (topic sentences) and referencing techniques.
Marking Criteria:
Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Unsatisfactory

1.1. Identifies the developmental stage.
1.2. Describes its importance in the lifespan, and
1.3. Previews the essay.
1.4. Conclusion summarises the main points and links back to the introduction and/or thesis statement. Clear and conci introduction titát
-identifies the
ž.developmèÿaJ
highlightsaits—re
-importance in the previews
Il cpOints to be
- expanded .on•iñ the
a
}body -of the essa
Slear-áhð concise
*conclusion that summarises ah the main points-and consistent use of formal and
ilanguage is ussd throughout wðrk. Detailed introduction that identifies the developmental stage, describes its importance and previews all the points to be expanded on in the body of the essay. Clear conclusion that summarises all the main points and consistent use of formal and non-discriminatory language, though with very minor errors. A clear introduction that identifies the developmental stage, mentions its importance and previews most points to be expanded on in the body of the essay. A detailed conclusion that summarises most of the main points and draws relevant implications for practice. A basic introduction that identifies the developmental stage, however its importance in the lifespan is superficial or overlooked.
Attempts to preview the essay, though some main points are missing or unclear. Introduction may lack clarity at times. A basic conclusion that attempts to summarise the main points, though missing some main points and/or containing minor points/or too lengthy. No or limited introduction that does not include most required elements and/or contains excessive errors. No or limited conclusion that misses most main points and/or makes no or limited comments on implications of the topic for practice.

/5 4.5 - 5 4 3.5 2.5 - 3
2.1. Identifies and discusses the normative
(predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years) with reference to the case study.
2.2. Draws on the work of a theorist(s) and applies knowledge to topic area in this discussion.
2.3. Discussion is fully supported by relevant literature. 2.4. Identifies two examples from the case study to inform discussion. y-
consistent evidence of synthesis in discussion of the normative (predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (0 - 6 months or 2-5 years).
praws on the wor a theorist, and application is highly relevant to the discussion.
Each point in the discussion is fully supported by relevant literature,
Provides •two :råevant
examples from casé
(actual •hýþófhetical) arúi
t
-expands on these examples with reference to overall discussion and the peer-reviewed literature. Essay conveys consistent evidence of critical analysis in discussion of the normative
(predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years)
Draws on the work of a theorist, and application is mostly relevant to the discussion.
Each point in the discussion is supported by relevant literature.
Provides two relevant examples from case study (actual or hypothetical) and elaborates upon examples which are incorporated well into the discussion. Essay conveys a degree of analysis in discussion of the normative
(predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years).
Draws on the work of a theorist, and application is usually relevant to the discussion.
Most points in the discussion are supported by relevant literature.
Provides two relevant examples from case study (actual or hypothetical) which are incorporated well into the discussion. Essay conveys some evidence of understanding within discussion of the normative
(predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years), however this is largely descriptive, rather than analytic.
Draws on the work of a theorist, but application is not always linked and/or relevant to the discussion.
At least half the points made throughout the work are supported by relevant literature. Provides two relevant examples from case study (actual or hypothetical) although mainly descriptive. Essay fails to show adequate understanding of the normative
(predictable) psychosocial aspects of development for age-group (0 - 6 months or 2-5 years). Does not draw on the work of a theorist, and/or application of theoretical material is inappropriate where used.
Less than half the points made throughout the work are supported by relevant literature or No or limited use of literature to support the discussion.
Does not provide two examples from case study (actual or hypothetical).
/15 13 - 15 11.5 - 12 5 10-11 7.5 - 9.5
Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Unsatisfactory
Criterion 3:
3.1. Identifies and describes factors which influence such psychosocial development (with or without reference to the case study). These may be predictable normative) or unpredictable non-normative) for the age-group and may be actual or hypothetical in relation to the case study.
3.2. Explains the relevance of knowing this information to nursing and midwifery practice.
3.3. Discussion is fully supported by relevant literature. Essay conveys consistent evidence of synthesis in discussion of factors which influence psychosocial development for age-group (0 - 6 months or 2-5 years) Excellent understanding is demonstrated explaining how understanding the

topic contributes to nursing and/or midwifery practice. Draws insightful implications for practice.
Each point in the discussion is fully supported by relevant literature.
- Essay conveys consistent evidence of critical analysis in discussion of factors which influence psychosocial development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years). Very good understanding is demonstrated explaining how understanding the topic contributes to nursing and/or midwifery practice. Draws meaningful implications for practice.
Most points in the discussion are fully supported by relevant literature.
7.5 - 8 Essay conveys a degree of analysis in discussion of factors which influence psychosocial development for age-group (0 - 6 months or 2-5 years) Good understanding is demonstrated explaining how understanding the topic contributes to nursing and/or midwifery practice. Draws relevant implications for practice
Many points in the discussion are fully supported by relevant literature. Essay conveys a descriptive account of factors which influence psychosocial development for age-group (O - 6 months or 2-5 years) Satisfactory understanding is demonstrated explaining how understanding the topic contributes to nursing and/or midwifery practice. Attempts to draw some implications for practice, though some information may be irrelevant or incorrect. Several points in the discussion are supported by relevant literature, however other points are unsupported. Essay does not convey an accurate account of factors which influence psychosocial development for age-group (0 - 6 months or 2-5 years) Minimum or poor understanding explaining how understanding the topic contributes to nursing and/or midwifery practice, and/or makes no or limited comments on implications of the topic for practice. Most points in the discussion are not supported by relevant literature.
/10
Criterion 4:
4.1. Uses formal, non-discriminatory language. Sentences are well constructed, expression and meaning is clear. 4.2. Uses correct APA referencing conventions. Claims are supported appropriately, and sources are relevant to the task. 8.5 10
Succinct, conventional grammar, spelling and punctuation are used.
Sentences are free of any errors in vocabulary, spelling, grammar, punctuation, and style. Meaning is consistently communicated through sophisticated, complex language. Reference list has a wide range of relevant and current references including a range of peer-reviewed journal articles.
Consistent and accurate use of APA style for both in-text citations and the reference list with no errors detected. Conventional grammar, spelling and punctuation, may be with very minor errors only. Meaning is communicated through an appropriate range of formal, scholarly language.
Reference list has at least 5 relevant and current references including more than 2 highly appropriate peer-reviewed journal articles.
Generally consistent and accurate use of APA style for both in-text citations and the reference list with very minor errors only. 6.5 - 7.0
Frequent use of formal and non-discriminatory language, though with some informal words expressions only. Generally conventional grammar, spelling and punctuation with only minor errors. Meaning is communicated through a simple but appropriate range of language.
Reference list has at least 5 relevant including current references and 2 appropriate peer-reviewed journal articles.
Generally correct use of APA style for both in-text citations and the reference list, with some minor errors only. 5 - 6
Attempts to use formal and non-discriminatory language, although with occasional errors.
Attempts to use language conventions, though with occasional grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors.
Meaning is usually communicated through simple, sometimes appropriate language. Reference list has 5 references and 2 journal articles although sources are not always appropriate and may be generic sources. Attempts to use APA style, though with some minor errors and/or minor mis-match between in-text citations and reference list or errors with in-text citations or within reference list. Frequent use of informal and/or discriminatory language. Frequent grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors that impedes meaning because of inappropriate use of language.
Reference list has less than 5 relevant references including less than 2 journal articles, indicating lack of breadth of reading.
Referencing in-text and in reference list does not conform to APA.
Reference list is absent.
Referencing in text is absent/ infrequent. Significant paraphrasing weaknesses as identified by Turnitin report and large degrees of exact text matching.
8.5 - 10 7.5 - 8 6.5 - 7.0 5 - 6